Drug Administrations for Patients Improves Hematologic Values in Fighting COVID-19 at Private Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia

Ilham Arief

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v9i12.mp03

Abstract

No specific drugs have been found for the COVID-19 pandemic until now. The drug administration follows the national standards imposed to prevent the worsening of the patient's condition in the hope of recovery. The purpose of this study was to look at the effect of drug administration on hematologic parameters before and after the administration of drugs. This research method is cohort-based observational with the collection of retrospective medical record data from March to October 2020 at the Central Jakarta Private Hospital, Indonesia. The results showed improvement values in hematologic parameter values in eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios, and statistically, the parameter of eosinophils values is a significant difference after administering the drug.

Keywords

Drug AdministrationsHematologic ValuesFight COVID-19

References

Aulia, G., Rahmah Fahriati, A., Okta Ratnaningtyas, T., Meitania Utami, S., Dwi Pratiwi, R., Adi Ismaya, N., Purnama Sari, F., Monja, T., Kania Rahsa Puji, L., & Ayu Sabrina, P. (2021). Covid-19 Prevention Education With the Health Protocol of 5M and the Importance of Multivitamins During Covid-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat, 2(1), 133–139.Google Scholar ↗
Azer, S. A. (2020). COVID-19: pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and investigational therapeutics. New Microbes and New Infections, 37(M), 100738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100738DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Common-, V. (2003). SARS-Associated Coronavirus. N ENGL J MED, 348(20), 1948–1951.Google Scholar ↗
Cortis, D. (2020). On Determining the Age Distribution of COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(May), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00202DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Davies, N. G., Klepac, P., Liu, Y., Prem, K., Jit, M., Pearson, C. A. B., Quilty, B. J., Kucharski, A. J., Gibbs, H., Clifford, S., Gimma, A., van Zandvoort, K., Munday, J. D., Diamond, C., Edmunds, W. J., Houben, R. M. G. J., Hellewell, J., Russell, T. W., Abbott, S., … Eggo, R. M. (2020). Age-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics. Nature Medicine, 26(8), 1205–1211. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0962-9DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Frater, J. L., Zini, G., d’Onofrio, G., & Rogers, H. J. (2020). COVID-19 and the clinical hematology laboratory. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, 42(S1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.13229DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., … Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
kemenkes RI. (2020). Agustus 2020 PEDOMAN TATALAKSANA COVID-19. https://www.papdi.or.id/pdfs/938/Pedoman Tatalaksana COVID-19 edisi 2.pdfGoogle Scholar ↗
Khamis, F., Al-Zakwani, I., Al Naamani, H., Al Lawati, S., Pandak, N., Omar, M. B., Al Bahrani, M., Bulushi, Z. AL, Al Khalili, H., Al Salmi, I., Al Ismaili, R., & Al Awaidy, S. T. (2020). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the first 63 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19: An experience from Oman. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(7), 906–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.002DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Liu, J., Liu, Y., Xiang, P., Pu, L., Xiong, H., Li, C., Zhang, M., Tan, J., Xu, Y., Song, R., Song, M., Wang, L., Zhang, W., Han, B., Yang, L., Wang, X., Zhou, G., Zhang, T., Li, B., … Wang, X. (2020). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts critical illness patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in the early stage. Journal of Translational Medicine, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02374-0DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Outh, R., Boutin, C., Gueudet, P., Suzuki, M., Saada, M., & Aumaître, H. (2021). Eosinopenia <100/μL as a marker of active COVID-19: An observational prospective study. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 54(1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.12.005DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Pormohammad, A., Ghorbani, S., Baradaran, B., Khatami, A., J. Turner, R., Mansournia, M. A., Kyriacou, D. N., Idrovo, J. P., & Bahr, N. C. (2020). Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, radiographic signs and outcomes of 61,742 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microbial Pathogenesis, 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104390DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Qin, C., Zhou, L., Hu, Z., Zhang, S., Yang, S., Tao, Y., Xie, C., Ma, K., Shang, K., Wang, W., & Tian, D. S. (2020). Dysregulation of immune response in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(15), 762–768. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa248DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Said Ambu Saidi, K. S., Abu Kausar, M., & M. Elshaiekh, N.-E. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on Economic of Oman and Omani Customer’s Behaviour. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 9(07), 2266–2279. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i07.em01DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Thomson, M. E., Pollock, A. C., & Murray, J. (2021). Composite Quantile Probability Predictions : Performance and Coherence Analysis of US COVID-19 Confirmed Infection Cases. 09(12), 471–489. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i12.mp01DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Pu, K., Chen, Z., Guo, Q., Ji, R., Wang, H., Wang, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 94(January), 91–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Fang, M., Yu, T., Wang, Y., Pan, S., Zou, X., Yuan, S., & Shang, Y. (2020). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 475–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Zhang, Y., Geng, X., Tan, Y., Li, Q., Xu, C., Xu, J., Hao, L., Zeng, Z., Luo, X., Liu, F., & Wang, H. (2020). New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 127(April), 110195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110195DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-1] Aulia, G., Rahmah Fahriati, A., Okta Ratnaningtyas, T., Meitania Utami, S., Dwi Pratiwi, R., Adi Ismaya, N., Purnama Sari, F., Monja, T., Kania Rahsa Puji, L., & Ayu Sabrina, P. (2021). Covid-19 Prevention Education With the Health Protocol of 5M and the Importance of Multivitamins During Covid-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat, 2(1), 133–139.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-2] Azer, S. A. (2020). COVID-19: pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and investigational therapeutics. New Microbes and New Infections, 37(M), 100738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100738DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Common-, V. (2003). SARS-Associated Coronavirus. N ENGL J MED, 348(20), 1948–1951.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Cortis, D. (2020). On Determining the Age Distribution of COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(May), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00202DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Davies, N. G., Klepac, P., Liu, Y., Prem, K., Jit, M., Pearson, C. A. B., Quilty, B. J., Kucharski, A. J., Gibbs, H., Clifford, S., Gimma, A., van Zandvoort, K., Munday, J. D., Diamond, C., Edmunds, W. J., Houben, R. M. G. J., Hellewell, J., Russell, T. W., Abbott, S., … Eggo, R. M. (2020). Age-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics. Nature Medicine, 26(8), 1205–1211. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0962-9DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Frater, J. L., Zini, G., d’Onofrio, G., & Rogers, H. J. (2020). COVID-19 and the clinical hematology laboratory. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, 42(S1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.13229DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., … Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] kemenkes RI. (2020). Agustus 2020 PEDOMAN TATALAKSANA COVID-19. https://www.papdi.or.id/pdfs/938/Pedoman Tatalaksana COVID-19 edisi 2.pdfGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Khamis, F., Al-Zakwani, I., Al Naamani, H., Al Lawati, S., Pandak, N., Omar, M. B., Al Bahrani, M., Bulushi, Z. AL, Al Khalili, H., Al Salmi, I., Al Ismaili, R., & Al Awaidy, S. T. (2020). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the first 63 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19: An experience from Oman. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(7), 906–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.002DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Liu, J., Liu, Y., Xiang, P., Pu, L., Xiong, H., Li, C., Zhang, M., Tan, J., Xu, Y., Song, R., Song, M., Wang, L., Zhang, W., Han, B., Yang, L., Wang, X., Zhou, G., Zhang, T., Li, B., … Wang, X. (2020). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts critical illness patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in the early stage. Journal of Translational Medicine, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02374-0DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Outh, R., Boutin, C., Gueudet, P., Suzuki, M., Saada, M., & Aumaître, H. (2021). Eosinopenia <100/μL as a marker of active COVID-19: An observational prospective study. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 54(1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.12.005DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Pormohammad, A., Ghorbani, S., Baradaran, B., Khatami, A., J. Turner, R., Mansournia, M. A., Kyriacou, D. N., Idrovo, J. P., & Bahr, N. C. (2020). Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, radiographic signs and outcomes of 61,742 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microbial Pathogenesis, 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104390DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Qin, C., Zhou, L., Hu, Z., Zhang, S., Yang, S., Tao, Y., Xie, C., Ma, K., Shang, K., Wang, W., & Tian, D. S. (2020). Dysregulation of immune response in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(15), 762–768. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa248DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Said Ambu Saidi, K. S., Abu Kausar, M., & M. Elshaiekh, N.-E. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on Economic of Oman and Omani Customer’s Behaviour. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 9(07), 2266–2279. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i07.em01DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Thomson, M. E., Pollock, A. C., & Murray, J. (2021). Composite Quantile Probability Predictions : Performance and Coherence Analysis of US COVID-19 Confirmed Infection Cases. 09(12), 471–489. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v9i12.mp01DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Pu, K., Chen, Z., Guo, Q., Ji, R., Wang, H., Wang, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 94(January), 91–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Fang, M., Yu, T., Wang, Y., Pan, S., Zou, X., Yuan, S., & Shang, Y. (2020). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 475–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Zhang, Y., Geng, X., Tan, Y., Li, Q., Xu, C., Xu, J., Hao, L., Zeng, Z., Luo, X., Liu, F., & Wang, H. (2020). New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 127(April), 110195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110195DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗