Level of Education and Perceptions of the Quality of Services to Prevent Radicalism: A Study in Poso District, Indonesia

Bambang Karsono

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v10i1.ps01

Abstract

This study analyzes the differences in public perceptions of the quality of radicalism prevention services from the point of view of the level of education. Education has been used to radicalize and deradicalize youth. Governments in conflict-affected countries have an interest in funding measures against violent extremism as part of education programs. After the social conflict in the Poso district, the local government implemented some policies aimed at preventing the emergence of radicalism. The results of the study of 456 respondents from four elements of the population, namely the army, police, government employees, and the general public, showed that the level of education was the difference between people’s perceptions of the quality of radicalism prevention services. Respondents with high school education were able to have a higher average response than those with a college education.

Keywords

education levelquality of service to prevent radicalism

References

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[refR-2] Alcalá, H.E., Sharif, M.Z. and Samari, G. (2017). Social determinants of health, violent radicalization, and terrorism: A public health perspective. Health Equity, 1(1), 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2016.0016.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Arianto, S. (2005). Rumput Kering di Balik Anyir Darah Konteks Etno Religius dari Tragedi Kemanusiaan Poso. Palu: Yayasan Tanah Merdeka. (Dried Grass in Balik Anyir Blood the Ethno-Religious Context of the Humanitarian Tragedy of Poso).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Dharmawan, A.H. (2006). Konflik-konflik Kekuasaan dan Otoritas Kelembagaan Lokal dalam Reformasi Tata-Kelola Pemerintahan Desa: Investigasi Teoretik dan Empirik, Bogor: Pusat Studi Pembangunan Pertanian dan Pedesaan. (Conflicts of power and local institutional authority in village governance reform: Theoretical and empirical investigation)Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Ecip, S.S. (2002). Rusuh Poso, Rujuk Malino, Jakarta: Cahaya Timur. (Riot in Poso, Refer to Malino).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Ghosh, R. (2018). The potential of the ERC program for combating violent extremism among youth. Religion Education, 45(3), 370-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/15507394.2018.1546509.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Hasan, N. (2006). Laskar Jihad: Islam, Militancy and the Quest for Identity in Post-New Order Indonesia, Ithaca, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Ingleby, D. (2012). Ethnicity, migration and the social determinants of health agenda. Psychosocial Intervention. 21(3), 331-341. https://doi.org/10.5093/in2012a29.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Kallen, H.M. (1998). Culture and Democracy in the United States, New York: Transaction Publisher.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Karnavian, M.T. (2008). Indonesian Top Secret: Membongkar Konflik Poso, Jakarta: Gramedia. (Indonesian Top Secret: Unravelling the Poso Conflict).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Khan, A., Bibi, S., Lyu, J., Alam, M., Khan, M.M., & Nurunnabi, M. (2021). The quest of tourism and overall well-being: The developing economy of Pakistan. PSU Research Review. 5(2), 120-140. https://doi.org/10.1108/PRR-07-2019-0022.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Krueger, A.B., & Maleckova, J. (2002). Education, Poverty, Political Violence and Terrorism: Is There a Causal Connection. National Bureau of Economic Research: Cambridge, MA, USA.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Mubarok, M. Z., & Hamid, A.F.A. (2018). The Rise of Radicalism and Terrorism in Indonesia and Malaysia. Review of Islam in Southeast Asia, 1(1), 29-43.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Nelson, K.L. & Olin, S.C. (1979). Why War?: Ideology, Theory, and History, Oakland, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Ross, M.G. & Lappin, B.W. (1967). Community Organization: Theory, Principles and Practice. Second Edition. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Sarwono, S.W. (2012). Terorisme di Indonesia: Dalam Tinjauan Psikologi. Tangerang: Pustaka Alvabet. (Terrorism in Indonesia: A Psychological Review).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Sas, M., Ponnet, K., Reniers, G., & Hardyns, W. (2020). The role of education in the prevention of radicalization and violent extremism in developing countries, Sustainability, 12(6), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062320.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Schulze, K.E. (2002). Laskar Jihad and the conflict in Ambon. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 9(1), 57-69.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-19] Stott, J.R.W. (2010). The Radical Disciple: Some Neglected Aspects of Our Calling, London: IVP Book.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-20] Silber, M.D., & Bhatt, A. (2007). Radicalization in the West: The Homegrown Threat. New York, NY: Police Department New York.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] Turmudi, E. & Sihbudi, R. (2005). Islam dan Radikalisme di Indonesia, Jakarta: LIPI Press. (Islam and Radicalism in Indonesia).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Zeithaml, V.A., Parasuraman, A., & Berry, L.L. (1990), Delivering Quality Service: Balancing Customer Perceptions and Expectations. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar ↗