ISSN (Online): 2321-3418
server-injected
Economics and Management
Open Access

Liability of Commercial Air Transport Service Providers in the Carriage of Corpse

, , ,
DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v11i06.em05· Pages: 4977-4990· Vol. 11, No. 06, (2023)· Published: June 24, 2023
PDF
Views: 581 PDF downloads: 336

Abstract

In general, objects in air transportation are passengers, baggage, cargo, and/or post. However, in its development, the existing air transportation also carries out the transportation of corpses. If it is related to the responsibility of the air carrier, then the position of the corpse in air transport is important to be studied in order to determine the form and limits of the air carrier's responsibility. Therefore, this study aims to discuss the position of the corpse in the law of air transportation, as well as the responsibility of the carrier in transporting the corpse by air. The method used in this research is legal research with conceptual approach, statutory approach, comparative approach, and case approach. Based on the research that has been done, it can be found that the position of the corpse in international and national air transportation law has been positioned as cargo. Consequently, the responsibility of the air carrier in the transportation of corpses is also based on the responsibility of the carrier in the carriage of cargo. This is of course inappropriate when applied to the transportation of corpses, because with such arrangements, heavier body will receive greater compensation than lighter body.

Keywords: air transportation; corpse; responsibility; legal protection.

Keywords

air transportationcorpseresponsibilitylegal protection

References

  1. BooksGoogle Scholar ↗
  2. AK, Syahmin et al. Hukum Udara dan Luar Angkasa. Palembang: Unsri Press, 2012.Google Scholar ↗
  3. Efendi, Jonaedi, dan Johnny Ibrahim. Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Jakarta: Prenamedia Group, 2016.Google Scholar ↗
  4. Khairandy, Ridwan. Pokok – Pokok Hukum Dagang Indonesia. Yogyakarta: FH UII Press, 2013.Google Scholar ↗
  5. Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media, 2021.Google Scholar ↗
  6. Wulandari, Andi Sri Rezky. Buku Ajar Hukum Dagang. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media, 2014.Google Scholar ↗
  7. Martono, H.K. dan Amad Sudiro. Hukum Udara Nasional dan Internasional Publik. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2012.Google Scholar ↗
  8. ArticlesGoogle Scholar ↗
  9. Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. “Acceptance of Human Remains Carriage by Air-Some Concerns in Security and Safety”, Journal of Transportation Security , 5, 4, (2012): 305-317. DOI : DOI 10.1007/s12198-012-0098-3.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  10. Adriani, Rhirien. “Tanggung Gugat Pengangkut Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 77 Tahun 2011 Tentang Tanggung Jawab Pengangkut Angkutan Udara”, Jurnal IUS, 3, 8 (2018): 299 – 310. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12345/ius.v3i8.214.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  11. Agus, Sri Wahyuni, Kamsilaniah, dan Andi Tira. “Legal Analysis Of Consumer Issuance In Transportation Of Goods Through Sea Transportation Mode”, Clavia: Journal of Law, 19, 2 (2021): 192 – 203.Google Scholar ↗
  12. Aljufri, Muhamad Rizal, Godlieb N. Mamahit, dan Meiske T. Sondakh. “Tanggungjawab Para Pihak Dalam Perjanjian Pengangkutan Barang Melalui Laut”, Lex Privatum, 3, 2 (2020): 116 – 125.Google Scholar ↗
  13. Angelo, Michael. “Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekspeditur Terhadap Keterlambatan Dan/Atau Hilangnya Barang Pada Konsumen (Studi Kasus PT. Pacific Express Cargo)”, Jurnal Analisis Hukum, 3, 1 (2020): 116 – 128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38043/jah.v3i1.2687.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  14. Anwar, Moh. “Perjanjian Pengangkutan Barang Pada PT. Kerta Gaya Pusaka (KGP) Dan Akibat Hukumnya Jika Terjadi Wanprestasi”, Jendela Hukum, 1, 2 (2014): 22 – 31.Google Scholar ↗
  15. Aspan, Henry, Fadlan, dan E. Arinda Chikita. “Perjanjian Pengangkutan Barang Loose Cargo Pada Perusahaan Kapal Bongkar Muat”, Soumatra Law Review, 2, 2 (2019): 322 – 334. DOI: http://doi.org/10.22216/soumlaw.v2i2.5227.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  16. Ayau, Edward H, Honor Keeler. “Injustice, Human Rights, and Intellectual Savagery in Human Remains in Museums and Collections”. A Review in : H-Soz-Kult, 14, 4, (2017): 1-13.Google Scholar ↗
  17. Caroline, Bekartini. “Pengkualifikasian Merk Sebagai Benda Untuk Dapat Dijadikan Objek Jaminan”, Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika, 34, 1, (2016): 102-113. DOI : 10.25072/jwy.v34i1.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  18. Chen, Zhen. “Is a Mummy a Person or a Propety: The Classification and Choice of Law of Cultural Objects in Private International Law”, The Chinese Journal of Comparative Law , (2022): 1-23. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1093/cjcl/cxac006DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  19. Darusman, Yoyon M. “Kedudukan Serta Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pemegang Hak Paten Dalam Kerangka Hukum Nasional Indonesia dan Hukum Internasional”, Yustisia Jurnal Hukum, 5, 1 (2016): 203-215. DOI : 10.20961/yustisia.v5i1.8732.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  20. Fillibeck, Giorgio. “Demnitatea Umana”, Consiliul Pontifical Justitia Et Pac, 10 (2000): 10-11.Google Scholar ↗
  21. Juaningsih, Imas Novita. “Analisis Kebijakan PHK Bagi Para Pekerja Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia”, Adalah, 4, 1 (2020): 189 – 196. DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v4i1.15764.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  22. Lawson, Robert. “The Montreal Convention 1999 at 21: Has It Come of Age or Passed Its Sell-by Date?”, Air and Space Law, 45, 3 (2020): 231 – 366.Google Scholar ↗
  23. Lumba, Hermawan. “Pertanggungjawaban Perusahaan Ekspeditur Kepada Konsumen Berdasarkan Uu No. 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen”, Mimbar Keadilan, 77 (2014): 71 – 86.Google Scholar ↗
  24. Massie, Epafras Nyong Eli, Hendrik Pandaag, dan Suriyono Soewikromo. “Tanggung Jawab Perusahaan Ekspedisi Muatan Kapal Laut Atas Kerusakan Dan Kehilangan Barang Dengan Menggunakan Transportasi Laut”, Lex Privatum, 9, 3 (2021): 247 – 257.Google Scholar ↗
  25. Mumek, Regita A. “Hak-hak Kebendaan Ditinjau Dari Aspek Hukum Perdata”, Lex Administratum, 5, 2, (2017): 6-18.Google Scholar ↗
  26. Muniarti, Riri. “Nanokomposit Karet Alam/Silikon Sebagai Otot Sintetik Dengan Sifat Mekanik Seperti Otot Manusia”, Jurnal Ilmu Fisika Universitas Andalas , 10, 1, (2012): 38-45. DOI : 10.25077/jif.10.1.38-45.2018DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  27. Mustofa, R. Zainul, Siti Aminah, Dendik Irawan. “Praktik Pembagian Waris Anak Angkat Perspektif Hukum Islam, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, Hukum Perdata, dan Hukum Adat di Desa Surabayan Kabupaten Lamongan”, Journal of Sharia, 1, (2022): 49-66.Google Scholar ↗
  28. Nasution, Krisnandi. “Penerapan Prinsip Tanggung Jawab Pengangkut Terhadap Penumpang Bus Umum”, Mimbar Hukum, 26, 1 (2014): 54 – 69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.16054.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  29. Nuswardhani dan Wafda Vivid Izziyana. “Aspek Hukum Dalam Pelaksanaan Pengiriman Barang”, Justiciabelen, 4, 1 (2021): 11 – 22. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/justiciabelen.v4i1.2766.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  30. Ogolla, Christopher. Death Be Not Strange. “The Montreal Convention's Mislabeling of Human Remains as Cargo and Its Near Unbreakable Liability Limits”. Dickinson Law Review, 124, 1 (2019): 53 – 90.Google Scholar ↗
  31. Pasaribu, Mangara. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Penumpang Dan Barang Milik Penumpang Dalam Jasa Pengangkutan Udara”, Mercatoria, 9, 1 (2016): 35 – 53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31289/mercatoria.v9i1.350.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  32. Pernando, Nedi, Busyra Azheri, Wetria Fauzi. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Atas Kerusakan Barang Pengguna Jasa Pengiriman Angkutan Online”, Soumatera Law Review, 4, 1 (2021): 135 – 149.Google Scholar ↗
  33. Puspitasari, Anisha, Muh. Jamal, dan Nur Hasanah. “Inovasi Layanan Pt.Pos Indonesia Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Sebagai Upaya Menjaga Eksistensi Di Era Persaingan Global (Studi Kasus Kantor Pos Samarinda)”, eJournal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 7, 2 (2019): 647 – 660.Google Scholar ↗
  34. Putri, Rosalita Ardiani, dan Bambang Eko Turisno. “Perlindungan Hukum Yang Adil Atas Hilangnya Bagasi Penumpang Dalam Pengangkutan Udara”, Jurnal Law Reform, 11, 1 (2015): 53 – 64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v11i1.15755.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  35. Rahman, Aulia, Iwan Setiawan, dan Darjat. “Perancangan Sistem Stabilisasi Roll Dan Yaw Pada Prototype Hovercraft Menggunakan Sensor Imu 6 Dof Dengan Metode Self Tuning Fuzzy Pid”, Transient, 6, 4 (2017): 524 – 533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/transient.6.4.524-533.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  36. Randang, Virginia Gladys. “Pengembangan Pengaturan Pengangkutan Multimoda Dalam Hukum Pengangkutan Niaga Di Indonesia”, Lex Administratum, 3, 5 (2015): 5 – 11.Google Scholar ↗
  37. Resta, Giorgio. “Human Dignity”, McGill Law Journal, 85, (2020): 85-89.Google Scholar ↗
  38. Rogers, Alix. “Unearthing the Origins of Quasi-Property Status”, Hastings Law Journal, 72, 1, (2020): 291-336.Google Scholar ↗
  39. Rose, Carol M. “A Legal Status of No-Property”, Houston Law Review, 57, 2 (2019) : 377-403.Google Scholar ↗
  40. Rose, Carol M. “The Comedy of The Commons : Custom, Commerce, and Inherently Public Property”, University of Chicago Law Review, 53, 3 (1986) : 711-781.Google Scholar ↗
  41. Searchy, Elizabeth. “The Dead Belong to the Living : Disinterment and Custody of Dead Bodies in Nineteenth-Century America”, Journal of Social History, 28, 1 (2014); 112-134, DOI : 10.1093/jsh/shu070DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  42. Sembiring, Sentosa. Hukum Pengangkutan Laut. Bandung: Penerbit Nuansa Aulia, 2019.Google Scholar ↗
  43. Sourlas, Paul. “Human Dignity and the Constitution”, Jurisprudence, 7, 1, (2016): 30-46. DOI : 10.1080/20403313.2015.1066556DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  44. Sudiro, Ahmad. “Kewajiban Pengangkut Kepada Pihak Yang Menderita Kerugian Dalam Undang-Undang Penerbangan Nasional”, Jurnal Lex Publica, 1, 1 (2014): 12 – 24.Google Scholar ↗
  45. Tasya, Ananda Amalia, dan Hilda Yunita Sabrie. “Implementasi Sifat Hukum Pengangkutan Dalam Pelaksanaan Ojek Online”, Perspektif, 24, 3, (2019): 156 – 167. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v24i3.746.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  46. Truxal, Steven. “Air carrier liability and air passenger rights: a game of tug of war?”, Journal of International and Comparative Law, 4, 1 (2017): 103 – 122.Google Scholar ↗
  47. Usanti, Trisadini Prasastinah. “Lahirnya Hak Kebendaan”, Perspektif, 17, 1 (2012): 44-53. DOI : 10.30742/perspektif.v17i1.93DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
  48. Legal DocumentsGoogle Scholar ↗
  49. The International Air Transport Association, Airport Handling Manual 310.Google Scholar ↗
  50. United States of America, Rhode Island Supreme Court. Putusan Perihal Pierce v. Proprietors of Swan Cemetery, 10 R.I.Google Scholar ↗
  51. InternetGoogle Scholar ↗
  52. Cahyani, Dewi Rina, “Jenazah Eril Diterbangkan Satu Pesawat Dengan Ridwan Kamil”, https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1600775/jenazah-eril-diterbangkan-satu-pesawat-dengan-ridwan-kamil. Accessed 21 June 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  53. Citilink. “Citilink Cargo”, https://www.citilink.co.id/citilink-cargo. Accessed 29 May 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  54. Fauzia, Mutia, “Penemuan Jenazah Eril Anak Ridwan Kamil di Bendungan Engehalde Swiss Setelah 14 Hari Pencarian”, https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/06/10/05233151/penemuan-jenazah-eril-anak-ridwan-kamil-di-bendungan-engehalde-swiss-setelah. Accessed 21 June 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  55. Garuda Indonesia. “Human Remains”, https://cargo.garuda-indonesia.com/Human-Remains. Accessed 29 May 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  56. Gislén, Marushia Li, dan Maria Kangas. “Special Drawing Rights – the role as a global reserve asset, the Riksbank’s experience and the way forward”, https://www.riksbank.se/globalassets/media/rapporter/ekonomiska-kommentarer/engelska/2020/special-drawing-rights--the-role-as-a-global-reserve-asset-the-riksbanks-experience-and-the-way-forward.pdf. Accessed 27 May 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  57. Gunadha, Reza. “Potret Ani Yudhoyono Setelah Dinyatakan Meninggal Dunia”,Google Scholar ↗
  58. https://www.suara.com/news/2019/06/01/144227/potret-ani-yudhoyono-setelah-dinyatakan-meninggal-dunia, 1/6/2019. Accessed 2 June 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  59. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring. “Je.Na.Zah.”, https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/jenazah. Accessed 29 May 2022Google Scholar ↗
  60. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring. “Ma.Yat”,Google Scholar ↗
  61. https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/MAYAThttps://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/MAYAT. Accessed 29 May 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  62. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Daring. “Kar.Go”, https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/kargo. Accessed 22 May 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  63. Lion Air Group. “Ketentuan Memberangkatkan Jenazah”,Google Scholar ↗
  64. https://lionairgroupsupport.freshdesk.com/support/solutions/articles/70000467989-ketentuan-memberangkatkan-jenazah. Accessed 27 May 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  65. Lion Air. “Ketentuan Memberangkatkan Jenazah”,Google Scholar ↗
  66. https://lionairgroupsupport.freshdesk.com/support/solutions/articles/70000467989-ketentuan-memberangkatkan-jenazah, 8/4/2022. Accessed 29 May 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  67. Sebayang, Rio Peranata. “Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Ekspedisi Melalui Angkutan Udara (Sudi pada PT Anugerah Semesta Persada)”. Tesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 2016.Google Scholar ↗
  68. The International Air Transport Association. “About us”, https://www.iata.org/en/about/. Accessed 27 May 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  69. The International Civil Aviation Organization. “About ICAO”, https://www.icao.int/about-icao/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed 27 May 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  70. The International Civil Aviation Organization. “The History of ICAO and Chicago Convention”, https://www.icao.int/about-icao/history/pages/default.aspx. Accessed 29 May 2022.Google Scholar ↗
  71. Tiga Permata. “Karakteristik Pengiriman Via Cargo Udara”,Google Scholar ↗
  72. https://www.3pe.co.id/2016/10/karakteristik-pengiriman-via-cargo-udara/. Accessed 29 May 2022.Google Scholar ↗
Author details
Hilda Yunita Sabrie
Faculty of Law, Universitas Airlangga
✉ Corresponding Author
👤 View Profile →
Harven Fillipo Taufik
Universitas Airlangga
👤 View Profile →
Anita Maharani Tanusaputri
Universitas Airlangga
👤 View Profile →
Maradona
Universitas Airlangga
👤 View Profile →