What Causes Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood? : A Sytematic Review

Nadhila Annifa Ichsan; Miqdad Ihkamuddin; Ni’matuzahroh

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v12i07.gp01

Abstract

Emerging adulthood is the transition phase from adolescence to adulthood, starting from the age of 18-29 years. At this age, many individuals experience anxiety caused by past experiences. Existing anxiety can affect an individual's mood, thoughts and behavior. This systematic review examines 14 international journals selected from the Scopus database regarding factors causing anxiety in emerging adulthood. If individuals in this phase know the factors that influence anxiety, they can take preventive action to avoid anxiety occurring in themselves. The results found that factors causing anxiety in emerging adulthood include: self-esteem, parenting patterns and bad experiences as children. These findings provide recommendations for conducting further and specific systematic review research and are expected to be a consideration for preventive actions before and during the emerging adulthood phase.

Keywords

AnxietyEmerging AdulthoodEarly AdulthoodStudent

References

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Arnett JJ. The Oxford handbook of emerging adulthood. Oxford University Press; 2015.Google Scholar ↗
Nisa IF, Satwika YW. Gambaran Loneliness pada Wanita Dewasa Awal yang Bekerja An Overview of Loneliness in Working Early Adult Women. 2022;Google Scholar ↗
Nadyandra KR, Nio SR. Hubungan stress akademik dengan motivasi akademik pada mahasiswa yang sedang mengerjakan skripsi. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai. 2023;7:3614–3622.Google Scholar ↗
Németh L, Bernáth L. The mediating role of global and contingent self-esteem in the association between emerging adults’ perceptions of family cohesion and test anxiety. J Adult Dev. 2022;29:192–204.Google Scholar ↗
Michikyan M. Self-Esteem and Real Self and False Self Presentation on Facebook Among Emerging Adults: The Moderating Role of Social Anxiety. Emerging Adulthood. 2022;10:1361–1375.Google Scholar ↗
Traino KA, Espeleta HC, Dattilo TM, et al. Childhood Adversity and Illness Appraisals as Predictors of Health Anxiety in Emerging Adults with a Chronic Illness. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2023;30:143–152.Google Scholar ↗
Nurdiansyah EW, Jannah M. Perbedaan kecemasan atlet laki-laki dan perempuan pada mahasiswa unit kegiatan mahasiswa universitas negeri Surabaya. Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi. 2021;8:60–65.Google Scholar ↗
Marsidi SR, Yaqiin AA, Amsyar A, et al. Gambaran Kecemasan Individu Dewasa di Jakarta, Bekasi, dan Tangerang (JATEBANG): Gejala dan Penyebab. Jurnal Psikologi Terapan (JPT). 2022;5:1–12.Google Scholar ↗
Widadi RK, Setyawanto A. Obsesi Pemicu Kecemasan Mahasiswa Dalam Bersosialisasi. Afeksi: Jurnal Psikologi. 2022;1:58–65.Google Scholar ↗
Mulyana A, Nurdin FS, Nurfatwa D. Prokrastinasi akademik, emotion focused coping, dan kecemasan pada mahasiswa. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi. 2022;13:68–78.Google Scholar ↗
Sugiharno RT, Susanto WHA, Wospakrik F. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kecemasan Mahasiswa dalam Menghadapi Tugas Akhir. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari. 2022;5:1189–1197.Google Scholar ↗
Chan EWT, Wong KTC, Clark LH. Challenging Parenting Behaviour and Anxiety Disorders in Emerging Adulthood. J Child Fam Stud. 2023;32:663–677.Google Scholar ↗
Kusumastuti D. Kecemasan dan Prestasi Akademik pada Mahasiswa. Analitika: Jurnal Magister Psikologi UMA. 2020;12:22–33.Google Scholar ↗
Sitompul R, Wulandari ISM. Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan Dan Pola Makan Terhadap Kejadian Gastritis Pada Mahasiswa Profesi Ners Universitas Advent Indonesia. Coping. Community of Publishing in Nursing. 2021;9:258.Google Scholar ↗
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Jiao C, Cui M, Fincham FD. Overparenting, Loneliness, and Social Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation. Emerging Adulthood. 2024;12:55–65.Google Scholar ↗
Peltz JS, Rogge RD, Pugach CP, et al. Bidirectional associations between sleep and anxiety symptoms in emerging adults in a residential college setting. Emerging Adulthood, 5 (3), 204–215. 2017.Google Scholar ↗
Shevenell MD, Meteyer K. Influences of femininity and maternal relationships on anxiety and adjustment in emerging adulthood. The Family Journal. 2018;26:369–377.Google Scholar ↗
Rahmadina A, Nashori F, Andrianto S. The mediating effect of self-esteem on emerging adults’ materialism and anxiety. Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi. 2020;5:1–14.Google Scholar ↗
Metcalf CA, Arch JJ, Greer JA. Anxiety and its correlates among young adults with a history of parental cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2017;35:597–613.Google Scholar ↗
Luo L, Yuan J, Bi S, et al. A model linking digital media dependence, exercise empowerment, and social physique anxiety among emerging adulthood college students. Front Psychol. 2023;14.Google Scholar ↗
Fu H, Wang B. The effect of risk perception on anxiety in emerging adulthood under the local outbreak of COVID-19: a conditional process analysis. Front Psychol. 2022;13:759510.Google Scholar ↗
Saragosa-Harris NM, Moreira JFG, Waizman YH, et al. Neural representations of ambiguous affective stimuli and resilience to anxiety in emerging adults. Biol Psychol. 2023;182:108624.Google Scholar ↗
Smout A, Lazarus RS, Hudson JL. The relationship between parenting and anxiety in emerging adulthood. Cognit Ther Res. 2020;44:182–195.Google Scholar ↗
Goger P, Rozenman M, Gonzalez A. The association between current maternal psychological control, anxiety symptoms, and emotional regulatory processes in emerging adults. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2020;68:101563.Google Scholar ↗
Cermakova P, Chlapečka A, Andrýsková L, et al. Socioeconomic and cognitive roots of trait anxiety in young adults. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2022;17:703–711.Google Scholar ↗
Harini N. Terapi warna untuk mengurangi kecemasan. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan. 2013;1:291–303.Google Scholar ↗
Wolters NE, Mobach L, Wuthrich VM, et al. Emotional and social loneliness and their unique links with social isolation, depression and anxiety. J Affect Disord. 2023;329:207–217.Google Scholar ↗
Bisson KH. The effect of anxiety and depression on college students’ academic performance: Exploring social support as a moderator. 2017;Google Scholar ↗
Kaswadi KA, Malik A, Keat OB. Anxiety and academic achievement among undergraduate students. J Manag Sci. 2018;16:11–18.Google Scholar ↗
Choi JM, Yang JI, Kang SJ, et al. Association between anxiety and depression and gastroesophageal reflux disease: results from a large cross-sectional study. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018;24:593.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-1] Arnett JJ. Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. Oxford University Press; 2023.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-2] Arnett JJ. The Oxford handbook of emerging adulthood. Oxford University Press; 2015.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Nisa IF, Satwika YW. Gambaran Loneliness pada Wanita Dewasa Awal yang Bekerja An Overview of Loneliness in Working Early Adult Women. 2022;Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Nadyandra KR, Nio SR. Hubungan stress akademik dengan motivasi akademik pada mahasiswa yang sedang mengerjakan skripsi. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai. 2023;7:3614–3622.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Németh L, Bernáth L. The mediating role of global and contingent self-esteem in the association between emerging adults’ perceptions of family cohesion and test anxiety. J Adult Dev. 2022;29:192–204.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Michikyan M. Self-Esteem and Real Self and False Self Presentation on Facebook Among Emerging Adults: The Moderating Role of Social Anxiety. Emerging Adulthood. 2022;10:1361–1375.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Traino KA, Espeleta HC, Dattilo TM, et al. Childhood Adversity and Illness Appraisals as Predictors of Health Anxiety in Emerging Adults with a Chronic Illness. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2023;30:143–152.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Nurdiansyah EW, Jannah M. Perbedaan kecemasan atlet laki-laki dan perempuan pada mahasiswa unit kegiatan mahasiswa universitas negeri Surabaya. Character: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi. 2021;8:60–65.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Marsidi SR, Yaqiin AA, Amsyar A, et al. Gambaran Kecemasan Individu Dewasa di Jakarta, Bekasi, dan Tangerang (JATEBANG): Gejala dan Penyebab. Jurnal Psikologi Terapan (JPT). 2022;5:1–12.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Widadi RK, Setyawanto A. Obsesi Pemicu Kecemasan Mahasiswa Dalam Bersosialisasi. Afeksi: Jurnal Psikologi. 2022;1:58–65.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Mulyana A, Nurdin FS, Nurfatwa D. Prokrastinasi akademik, emotion focused coping, dan kecemasan pada mahasiswa. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi. 2022;13:68–78.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Sugiharno RT, Susanto WHA, Wospakrik F. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kecemasan Mahasiswa dalam Menghadapi Tugas Akhir. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari. 2022;5:1189–1197.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Chan EWT, Wong KTC, Clark LH. Challenging Parenting Behaviour and Anxiety Disorders in Emerging Adulthood. J Child Fam Stud. 2023;32:663–677.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Kusumastuti D. Kecemasan dan Prestasi Akademik pada Mahasiswa. Analitika: Jurnal Magister Psikologi UMA. 2020;12:22–33.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Sitompul R, Wulandari ISM. Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan Dan Pola Makan Terhadap Kejadian Gastritis Pada Mahasiswa Profesi Ners Universitas Advent Indonesia. Coping. Community of Publishing in Nursing. 2021;9:258.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Siswanto S. Systematic review sebagai metode penelitian untuk mensintesis hasil-hasil penelitian (sebuah pengantar). Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan. 2010;13:21312.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Jiao C, Cui M, Fincham FD. Overparenting, Loneliness, and Social Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation. Emerging Adulthood. 2024;12:55–65.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Peltz JS, Rogge RD, Pugach CP, et al. Bidirectional associations between sleep and anxiety symptoms in emerging adults in a residential college setting. Emerging Adulthood, 5 (3), 204–215. 2017.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-19] Shevenell MD, Meteyer K. Influences of femininity and maternal relationships on anxiety and adjustment in emerging adulthood. The Family Journal. 2018;26:369–377.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-20] Rahmadina A, Nashori F, Andrianto S. The mediating effect of self-esteem on emerging adults’ materialism and anxiety. Psikohumaniora: Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi. 2020;5:1–14.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] Metcalf CA, Arch JJ, Greer JA. Anxiety and its correlates among young adults with a history of parental cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol. 2017;35:597–613.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Luo L, Yuan J, Bi S, et al. A model linking digital media dependence, exercise empowerment, and social physique anxiety among emerging adulthood college students. Front Psychol. 2023;14.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-23] Fu H, Wang B. The effect of risk perception on anxiety in emerging adulthood under the local outbreak of COVID-19: a conditional process analysis. Front Psychol. 2022;13:759510.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-24] Saragosa-Harris NM, Moreira JFG, Waizman YH, et al. Neural representations of ambiguous affective stimuli and resilience to anxiety in emerging adults. Biol Psychol. 2023;182:108624.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-25] Smout A, Lazarus RS, Hudson JL. The relationship between parenting and anxiety in emerging adulthood. Cognit Ther Res. 2020;44:182–195.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-26] Goger P, Rozenman M, Gonzalez A. The association between current maternal psychological control, anxiety symptoms, and emotional regulatory processes in emerging adults. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2020;68:101563.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-27] Cermakova P, Chlapečka A, Andrýsková L, et al. Socioeconomic and cognitive roots of trait anxiety in young adults. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2022;17:703–711.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-28] Harini N. Terapi warna untuk mengurangi kecemasan. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan. 2013;1:291–303.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-29] Wolters NE, Mobach L, Wuthrich VM, et al. Emotional and social loneliness and their unique links with social isolation, depression and anxiety. J Affect Disord. 2023;329:207–217.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-30] Bisson KH. The effect of anxiety and depression on college students’ academic performance: Exploring social support as a moderator. 2017;Google Scholar ↗

[refR-31] Kaswadi KA, Malik A, Keat OB. Anxiety and academic achievement among undergraduate students. J Manag Sci. 2018;16:11–18.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-32] Choi JM, Yang JI, Kang SJ, et al. Association between anxiety and depression and gastroesophageal reflux disease: results from a large cross-sectional study. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018;24:593.Google Scholar ↗