Analysis of the Degree of Soil Contamination by Metallic Trace Elements Used During the Establishment of an Industrial Company in the Fields of Electricity, Electronics, and Automotive Mechanics: Study of the Kachoma District in the City of Kipushi/Haut-Katanga (DR Congo)

Mwila Sompwe Jacques; Tabu Kiwele Patrice; Mututa Ilunga Peguy; Mahongo Kalumbu Immaculee; Musale Muyabala Ephraime; Mwewa Ndimina Anicet

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v12i12.ec07

Abstract

The objective of this research was to assess the level of soil pollution in the Kachoma district located around the former discharge basin (dike 1) of the Générale desquarries et des mines/Kipushi (Gécamines/Kipushi). The samples were taken from two sites (OUA 1 and the cell five years) using a manual auger at a depth of 20 cm to 40 cm and packaged in a plastic bag before being analyzed in the laboratory. The Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, and Zn content was determined by an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometer. The results showed that the soils sampled in the two cells were largely polluted by Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Co. It is, therefore, imperative to see how to remedy the soil pollution of the Kachoma district.

Keywords

KachomaMetallic trace elementsPollution IndexSoil

References

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[refR-3] Churl GL, Hyo-taek C, Myung J. Heavy metal contamination in the vicinity of the Daduk Au-Ag–Pb-Zn mine in Korea. Appl Geochem. 2001;16:1377–86.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Perraud B. Environmental Chemistry. 2nd ed. Brussels: De Boeck; 2011, pp. 450.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Kahilu M. Soil characterization and remediation, case of the PengaPenga district. Unpublished Thesis, University of Lubumbashi. 2019, pp. 2.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Kilele J. Improvement of the phytostabilization process with woody species for the production of ecosystem services in polluted urban and peri-urban environments of the Katangese copper arc. Doctoral Thesis, University of Lubumbashi; 2022, pp. 8.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Bouafia A. PhysicalPropertiesofSoil-ProblemsSolved. OPU; 2016.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Vranken I. Pollution and contamination of soils with heavy metals due to the metallurgical industry in Lubumbashi: Ecological footprint, landscape impact, management options. Doctoral Thesis, Free University of Brussels; 2010.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Diaf N, Bouchaour M, Merad L, Benyoucef B. Parameters Influencing the Dispersion of Gaseous Pollutants. ICPWE; 2003, pp. 139–142.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Bonnet M, Delaroziere O, Jusserand C. Automatic Calculation of Monthly and Annual Water Balances by the Thornthwaite and Truc Methods. 5th ed. Paris: Editions of the National School of Water and Forests; 1970.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Useni S. Transfer of trace metal elements in the soil-plant system and assessment of the risks of contamination of the food chain (case study in the city of Lubumbashi, DR Congo). Unpublished Thesis, University of Lubumbashi; 2009.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] AFNOR. Soil quality. In Collection of French Standards, 2nd ed. Paris-La Defense; 1996.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Sahli L, El Hadef El Okki M, Afri-Mehennaoui FZ. Use of indices for the assessment of sediment quality: case of the Boumerzoug basin (Algeria). Eur Sci J. 2014;10:336–46.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Kabata-Pendias A, Szteke B. Tace Elements in Abiotic and Biotic Environments. France: Taylor & Francis Group Pubishing; 2015.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Saïdi N. The Moulouya watershed: pollution by heavy metals and phytoremediation trials. State Thesis, Mohammed V University, Rabat (Morocco); 2004.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Adeola A, Desuyi A, Kelechi L, Modupe O. Assessment of heavy metals pollution in soils and vegetation around selected industries in Lagos State, Nigeria. J Geosci Environ Prot. 2015;3:11–9. doi: 10.4236/gep.2015.37002.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Ilonga M, Kongolo M, Kisimba T, Kiteba S, Mputu J. Assessment of soil pollution by Metallic Trace Elements (MTE): case of environment of Ruashi Mining/Haut-Katanga (DR Congo). Eur J Environ Earth Sci. 2023;4(1):69–72. doi: 10.24018/ejgeo.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Haichan Y, Chunyu D, Hao Z, Honglin L, Jiaqi L, Jiao Y. Characteristics and Source Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in a Mining Area. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2022;10:159–76. doi: 10.4236/gep.2022.103012.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-19] Merian E, Anke M, Ihnat M, Stoeppler M. Metals and TheirGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-20] Compounds inthe Environment. Occurrence, Analysis, and Biological Relevance. 2nd ed. Weinheim, New York, USA: VCH Publishers; 2004.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] Tchanadema M, Ayah M, Kodom M, Nambo P, Bawa L, DjaneyeBoundjou G. Risks of chemical pollution on the environment by solid mine waste at the semi-industrial iron mining site in Bandjeli, Togo. J Mater Environ Sci. 2021;12(8):1057–70.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Parizanganeh A, Bijnavand V, Zamani A. Oncentration, distribution and comparison of total and bioavailable heavy metals in top soils of Bonab district in Zanjan province. Open J Soil Sci. 2012;2:123–32. doi: 10.4236/ojss.2012.22018.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-23] Kabata-Pendias A, Mukherjee A. Trace elements from soil to human. J Mater. 2007;2(5):10–90.Google Scholar ↗