Thickness of Leaf Anatomical Tissue Dicot Ornamental Plants at Different Light Intensities

Entin Daningsih; Nadia Fransiska; Asriah Nurdini Mardiyyaningsih

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v11i02.b01

Abstract

Different light intensities affect the leaf anatomy. This study aims to measure the thickness of the anatomical tissue of the leaves of six types of dicot ornamental plants at different light intensities. This study used a quantitative experimental method with a completely randomized factorial design (CRD-Factorial). This design consisted of two factors, namely the main factors were six types of plants, namely Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss., Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R, Br. Ex Roem. & Schult., Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn, Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour., and Aerva sanguinolenta BI. The second factor is the different light conditions (open and shading) with three replications. Parameters measured were total leaf anatomical tissue thickness, upper and lower epidermis, palisade, and spongy using a modified paraffin method from Johansen. Data were analyzed using the CRD-Factorial ANOVA model followed by the LSD test. Correlation done between palisade, spongy, and lower epidermis thickness with total tissue thickness. The results showed that the leaf anatomy of six types of dicot ornamental plants varied. All plants have one layer of upper and lower epidermis tissue. In Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss., Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn, and Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour. has two layers of palisade tissue while the Bougainvillea glabra Choisy, Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R,Br. Ex Roem. & Schult. and Aerva sanguinolenta BI has one layer of palisade tissue. Meanwhile, the spongy tissue in all plants has one layer of tissue. The thickness of the leaf tissue decreased in the shading area along with the depletion of the palisade, spongy, and lower epidermis tissue as indicated by a correlation from moderately strong to very strong. Shrinkage of palisade tissue, sponges, and lower epidermis is a plant's attempt to get optimal light in shading areas. The more lower epidermis srink, the thickness of leaf become thin while the thickness of palisade and sponge varied so the thickness of total leaf from each species also varied.

Keywords

Light intensitythickness of leaf tissueshadingornamental plantshading and open areas

References

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Coble, A.P., dan Cavaleri, M.A. 2017. Vertical Leaf Mass Per Area Gradient of Mature Sugar Maple Reflects Both Height-Driven Increases in Vascular Tissue and Light-Driven Increases in Palisade Layer Thickness. Tree Physiology 37: 1337-1351.Google Scholar ↗
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Ramadhan, A.F., dan Hariyono, D. 2019. Pengaruh pemberian naungan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil pada tiga varietas tanaman stroberi (Fragaria chiloensis L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 7(1): 1-7.Google Scholar ↗
Riduwan dan Sunarto, H. 2007. Pengantar Statistika. CV Alfabeta, Bandung.Google Scholar ↗
Samsuri T. 2013. Pengaruh Berbagai Intensitas Cahaya Terhadap Perubahan Struktur Anatomi Daun Tanaman Gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke). Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi “Bioscientist” 1(1): 5-13.Google Scholar ↗
Sirait, J. 2008. Luas Daun, Kandungan Klorofil dan Laju Pertumbuhan Rumput pada Naungan dan Pemupukan yang Berbeda. JITV 13(2): 109-116.Google Scholar ↗
Stuessy, T.F. 1990. Plant Taxonomy: the Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar ↗
Sumardi, I., dan Pudjoarinto, A. 1992. Struktur dan Pengembangan Tumbuhan. Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta.Google Scholar ↗
Sundari, T., Soematono, Tohari, dan Mangoendidjojo, W. 2008. Anatomi Daun Kacang Hijau Genotipe Toleran dan Sensitif Naungan. Bul. Agron 36(3): 221-228.Google Scholar ↗
Tholen, D. 2012. Opining: Prospects for Improving Photosynthesis by Altering Leaf Anatomy. Plant Science 197: 97-101.Google Scholar ↗
Tihurua, E.F., Astuti, I.P., dan Rugaya. 2012. Anatomi Helaian Daun Murraya SPP. (Rutaceae) di Jawa. Berita Biologi 11(3): 411-419.Google Scholar ↗
Weaver, J.E., dan Clements, F.E. 1986. Plant Ecology. 2nd Edition. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Ltd. New Delhi.Google Scholar ↗
Widyastuti, T. 2018. Teknologi Budidaya Tanaman Hias Argribisnis. CV Mine, Yogyakarta.Google Scholar ↗
Wu, Y., Wanzuo, G., dan Wenyu, Y. 2017. Shade Inhibit Leaf Size by Controlling Cell Proliferation and Enlargment in Soybean. Scientific Report 7: 1-10.Google Scholar ↗
Wulansari, T.Y.I., Agustiani, E.L., Sunaryo, Tihurua, E.F., dan Widoyanti. 2020. Struktur Anatomi Daun sebagai Bukti Dalam Pembatasan Takson Tumbuhan Berbunga: Studi Kasus 12 Suku Tumbuhan Berbunga Indonesia. Buletin Kebun Raya 23(2): 146-161.Google Scholar ↗

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[refR-2] Berlyn, J.P., dan Mikesche, J.P. 1976. Micotechnique Cytochemishtry. Lowa State University Press, Lowa.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Campbell, N.A., dan Reece, J.B. 2008. Biologi Edisi 8, Jilid 1. Erlangga, Jakarta.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Chabot, B.F., dan Chabot, J.F. 1977. Effects of Light and Temperature on Leaf Anatomy and Photosynthesis in Fragaria Vesca. Oecologia 24(4): 363-377.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Coble, A.P., dan Cavaleri, M.A. 2017. Vertical Leaf Mass Per Area Gradient of Mature Sugar Maple Reflects Both Height-Driven Increases in Vascular Tissue and Light-Driven Increases in Palisade Layer Thickness. Tree Physiology 37: 1337-1351.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Costa, Y.O.D., dan Daningsih, E. 2022. Ketebalan Daun dan Laju Transpirasi pada Tanaman Hias Dikotil. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI) 27(1): 40-47.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Daningsih, E., Mardiyyaningsih, A.N., Costa, Y.O.D., Primawati, R., dan Skarlina. 2022. Changes of Stomatal Distribution and Leaf Thickness in Response to Transpiration Rate in Six Dicot Plant Species. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 976: 1-10.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Ekawati, R., dan Aziz, S.A. 2016. Respon Pertumbuhan dan Fisiologi Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng pada Cekaman Naungan. Agrovigor 9(2): 82-89.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Evans, J.R., dan Poorter, H. 2001. Photosynthetic Acclimation of Plants to Growth Irradiance: The Relative Importance of Specific Leaf Area And Nitrogen Partitioning in Maximizing Carbon Gain. Plant Cell Environ 24: 755- 767.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Fiqa, A.P., Nursafitri, T.H., Fauziah, dan Masudah, S. 2021. Pengaruh Faktor Lingkungan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Beberapa Aksesi Dioscorea alata L. Terpilih Koleksi Kebun Raya Purwodasdi. Jurnal Argo 8(1): 25-39.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Hale, M.G., dan Orcutt, D.M. 1987. The Physiology of Plants Under Stress. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Hamdani, J.S., Sumadi, Suriandinata YR, Martins L. 2016. Pengaruh Naungan dan Zat Pengatur Tumbuhan Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kentang Kultivar di Daratan Medium. J. Argon. Indonesia 44(1): 33-39.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Haryanti, S. 2010. Pengaruh Naungan yang Berbeda Terhadap Jumlah Stomata dan Ukuran Porus Stomata Daun Zephyranthes rosea Lindl. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi 18(1): 41–48.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Heyneke, E., Ebengreuth, N.L., Krajcer, I., Wolkinger, V., Müller, M., dan Zechmann B. 2013. Dynamic Compartment Specific Changes in Glutathione and Ascorbate Levels in Arabidopsis Plants Exposed to Different Light Intensities. BMC Plant Biology 13(1): 1-19.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Johasen, D.A. 1940. Plant Microtechnique. McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY,Inc. New York and London.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Karyati, Ransun, J.R., dan Syafrudin, M. 2017. Karakteristik morfologis dan antomis daun tumbuhan herba pada paparan chaya berbeda di hutan Pendidikan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Mulawarman. Jurnal Agrifor 16(2): 243-256.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Levitt, J. 1980. Responses of Plantas to Enviromental Stresses. Ater, Vol. II. Academic Press, Inc, London.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Muhuria, L., Tyas, K.N., Khumaida, N., Trikoesoemaningtyas, dan Sopandie, D. 2006. Adaptasi tanaman kedelai terhadap intensitas cahaya rendah: karakter daun untuk efisiensi penangkapan cahaya. Bul. Agron 34(3): 133-140.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-19] Nelza, A., Suharsi, T.K., dan Surahman, M. 2018. Karakter vegetatif kacang koro pedang (Canavalia ensiformis L.) pada kondisi naungan dan pemupukan yang berbeda. Jurnal Agroteknologi Universitas Andalas 2(2): 27-34.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-20] Orchard, G.E., Torres, P., dan Sounthararajah. 2008. Use of Softening Agents to Improve the Production of Formalin-Fixed. Paraffin-Embedded Sections of Nail Tissue: An Assessment. British Journal of Biomedia Science 65(2): 68-70.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] Paluvi, N., Mukarlina, dan Linda, R. 2015. Struktur Anatomi Daun, Kantung dan Sulur Nepenthes gracilis Korth. yang Tumbuh di Area Intensitas Cahaya Berbeda. Protobiont 4(1): 103-107.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Pantilu, L.I., Mantiri, F.R., Nio, S.A., dan Pandiangan, D. 2012. Respon morfologi dan anatomi kecambah kacang kedelai (Glycine Max (L.) Merill) terhadap intensitas cahaya yang berbeda. Bioslogos 2(2): 80-87.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-23] Ramadhan, A.F., dan Hariyono, D. 2019. Pengaruh pemberian naungan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil pada tiga varietas tanaman stroberi (Fragaria chiloensis L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman 7(1): 1-7.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-24] Riduwan dan Sunarto, H. 2007. Pengantar Statistika. CV Alfabeta, Bandung.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-25] Samsuri T. 2013. Pengaruh Berbagai Intensitas Cahaya Terhadap Perubahan Struktur Anatomi Daun Tanaman Gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke). Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi “Bioscientist” 1(1): 5-13.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-26] Sirait, J. 2008. Luas Daun, Kandungan Klorofil dan Laju Pertumbuhan Rumput pada Naungan dan Pemupukan yang Berbeda. JITV 13(2): 109-116.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-27] Stuessy, T.F. 1990. Plant Taxonomy: the Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-28] Sumardi, I., dan Pudjoarinto, A. 1992. Struktur dan Pengembangan Tumbuhan. Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-29] Sundari, T., Soematono, Tohari, dan Mangoendidjojo, W. 2008. Anatomi Daun Kacang Hijau Genotipe Toleran dan Sensitif Naungan. Bul. Agron 36(3): 221-228.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-30] Tholen, D. 2012. Opining: Prospects for Improving Photosynthesis by Altering Leaf Anatomy. Plant Science 197: 97-101.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-31] Tihurua, E.F., Astuti, I.P., dan Rugaya. 2012. Anatomi Helaian Daun Murraya SPP. (Rutaceae) di Jawa. Berita Biologi 11(3): 411-419.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-32] Weaver, J.E., dan Clements, F.E. 1986. Plant Ecology. 2nd Edition. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Ltd. New Delhi.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-33] Widyastuti, T. 2018. Teknologi Budidaya Tanaman Hias Argribisnis. CV Mine, Yogyakarta.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-34] Wu, Y., Wanzuo, G., dan Wenyu, Y. 2017. Shade Inhibit Leaf Size by Controlling Cell Proliferation and Enlargment in Soybean. Scientific Report 7: 1-10.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-35] Wulansari, T.Y.I., Agustiani, E.L., Sunaryo, Tihurua, E.F., dan Widoyanti. 2020. Struktur Anatomi Daun sebagai Bukti Dalam Pembatasan Takson Tumbuhan Berbunga: Studi Kasus 12 Suku Tumbuhan Berbunga Indonesia. Buletin Kebun Raya 23(2): 146-161.Google Scholar ↗