Abstract
The Merdeka Curriculum, the national curriculum of Indonesia has been implemented for 2 years. Qualitative phenomenological research was conducted to explore teachers' knowledge of the Merdeka Curriculum, its implementation, and the challenges faced and strategies to overcome them. The number of informants was 9, consisting of 3 respondents each from the Independently Sharing (IS), Independently Changing (IC), and Independently Learning (IL) schools selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews, observations, and documentation. Interviews were conducted with open-ended questions related to teachers' knowledge, implementation, challenges and strategies for implementing the Merdeka Curriculum. Observations were made on the implementation of learning, while documentation was on teaching modules and assessment instruments. The study found that teachers were aware of the changes in the Merdeka Curriculum from the previous curriculum. Teachers from IS schools have been able to design independent learning tools, implement project-based learning, differentiate, integrate with the Pancasila Student Profile Project (P5), and conduct assessments in various forms. However, teachers from IC and IL schools are still adopting teaching modules from the government. Besides, teachers from IL schools have not been able to carry out diagnostic assessments. Challenges in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum include organizing materials, diverse initial abilities of students, many teacher assignments outside of teaching hours, and lack of facilities and infrastructure. Strategies to overcome these challenges include collaborating available sources with information from the internet, providing matriculation for students with low abilities, providing structured assignments, and scheduling facilities and infrastructure utilization.
Keywords
- challenge in curriculum change
- curriculum implementation
- Merdeka curriculum
- teaching module
- teacher knowledge 1
References
- Adams, D. (1993). Defining quality in education. Improving Educational Quality Project, Biennial R(1), 14.
- Arends, R. I. (2015). Learning to teach (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
- Barut, M. E. O., & Wijaya, A. (2020). Facilitating pedagogical content knowledge development through professional development intervention. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1581(1), 1β8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1581/1/012062
- Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Quality research for education: An introduction to Theory and Methods (Fifth Edit). Pearson Education, Inc.
- Cheung, A. C. K., & Man Wong, P. (2012). Factors affecting the implementation of curriculum reform in Hong Kong. International Journal of Educational Management, 26(1), 39β54. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541211194374
- Chrisdiyanto, E., Radite, R., & Hastuti, S. R. (2023). Evaluation of the blended learning program at SD Negeri 1 Baturan Klaten. Journal Focus Action of Research Mathematic (Factor M), 6(2), 43β58. https://doi.org/10.30762/f_m.v6i2.1857
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. In Issues In Educational Research (Vol. 16, Issue 2, pp. 193β205). SAGE.
- Darmawan, A. (2018). Application of Problem Based Learning Model Assisted by Cabri Software to Improve Problem Solving Ability of Mathematics Students. Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL) EISSN:, 437β440.
- El Waβfa, A. R., Pamungkas, M. D., & Rahmawati, F. (2023). Pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi Amsrt Apps Creator terintegrasi profil pelajar Pancasila untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa kelas VII. RANGE: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 5(1), 63β76. https://doi.org/10.32938/jpm.v5i1.4634
- Farhang, Q., Hashemi, S. S. A., & Ghorianfar, S. M. (2023). Lesson plan and its importance in teaching process. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 6(8), 5901β5913. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V6-i8-57
- Fey, J. (2014). Curriculum , Teacher , and Teaching. In Mathematics Curriculum in School Education: Advancing Research and Practice from an International Perspective. Springer.
- Golding, J. (2018). Mathematics education in the spotlight: Its purpose and some implications. London Review of Education, 16(3), 460β473. https://doi.org/10.18546/LRE.16.3.08
- GouΓ«dard, P., Pont, B., GouΓ«dard, P., & Pont, B. (2020). OECD Education Working Papers No . 239 Curriculum reform : A literature review to support effective implementation. 239, 3β61. https://doi.org/10.1787/efe8a48c-en
- Harefa, E., & Harefa, A. (2023). Analisis kesiapan guru matematika dan siswa dalam penerapan kurikulum merdeka SMP di kecamatan Gunungsitoli. Jurnal Suluh Pendidikan, 11(2), 143β157. https://doi.org/10.36655/jsp.v11i2.1219
- Husadaningsih, T., & Darajat, P. P. (2019). Analisis kesulitan guru matematika SMP dan MTS di Kabupaten Malang menggunakan pendekatan saintifik. AKSIOMA : Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 8(3), 474β484. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v8i3.2465
- Indonesia, P. (2003). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Sekretariat Negara.
- Indonesia, P. (2005). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 Tentang Guru dan Dosen. Sekretariat Negara.
- Kepala BSKAP. (2022). Keputusan Kepala Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 025/H/KR/2022 tentang Satuan Pendidikan Pelaksana Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Melalui Jalur Mandiri pada Tahun Ajaran 2022/. Subbagian Tata Usaha Kemdikbudristek.
- Keputusan Kepala BSKAP Kemendikbudristek Nomor 032/H/KR/2024 tentang Capaian Pembelajaran pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar, dan Jenjang Pendidikan Menengah pada Kurikulum Merdeka, (2024).
- Khadijah, K., Indah Suciati, K. K., Manaf, A., & Sutamrin, S. (2021). Schoolsβ character education values and studentsβ mathematics learning achievement: A meta-analysis. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(3), 670β683. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i3.39924
- Kristiawan, M. (2019). Analisis Pengembangan Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran. In UPP FKIP Univ. Bengkulu (Issue February).
- Kurnia, T., & Novaliyosi, N. (2023). Analisis kesiapan guru matematika dalam menerapkan kurikulum merdeka di SMA. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(3), 1811β1816. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i3.1702
- Kurniati, L., & Kusumawati, R. (2023). Analisis kesiapan guru SMP di Demak dalam penerapan kurikulum merdeka. Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah, 2(6), 2683β2692. https://doi.org/10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v2i6.5031
- Kurniawati, S., Budiyono, & Saputro, D. R. S. (2020). Open-ended mathematics module to improve studentsβ higher order thinking skill. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1613(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1613/1/012068
- Kurniawaty, I., Faiz, A., & Purwati, P. (2022). Strategi Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila di Sekolah Dasar. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan. https://edukatif.org/index.php/edukatif/article/view/3139
- Li, Y., & Lappan, G. (2014). Mathematics Curriculum in School Education: Advancing Research and Practice from an International Perspective. 3β12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7560-2_1
- Machali, I. (2014). Kebijakan perubahan kurikulum 2013 dalam menyongsong Indonesia emas tahun 2045. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(1), 71β94. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2014.31.71-94
- Martanti, F., Widodo, J., Rusdarti, R., & ... (2022). Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila Melalui Pembelajaran Diferensiasi Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS di Sekolah Penggerak. Prosiding Seminar β¦. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/index.php/snpasca/article/view/1504
- Mayasari, D. (2020). Program perencanaan pembelajaran matematika (1st ed.). Deepublish.
- Mendikbudristek. (2022a). Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia Nomor 56/M/2022 tentang Pedoman Penerapan Kurikulum Dalam Rangka Pemulihan Pembelajaran [Decree of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republ. Biro Hukum Kemdikbudristek.
- Mendikbudristek. (2022b). Permendikbudristek Nomor 07 tentang Standar Isi Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar, dan Jenjang Pendidikan Menengah. Biro Hukum Kemdikbudristek.
- Moleong, L. J. (2004). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Remaja Rosdakarya.
- Murtiyasa, B. (2015). Tantangan pembelajaran matematika era global. Seminar Nasional Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika UMS 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11617/6005
- Nasrullah, A., & Marsigit. (2016). Keefektifan Problem Posing dan problem solving ditinjau dari ketercapaian kompetensi, metode, dan sikap matematis. Pythagoras: Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 11(2), 123β135. https://doi.org/10.21831/pg.v11i2.11180
- National Council of Teacher of Mathematics. (2010). Mathematics Curriculum Issues, Trends, and Future Directions (B. J. Reys, R. E. Reys, & R. Rubenstein (eds.)). NATIONAL COUNCIL OF TEACHERS OF MATHEMATICS, INC.
- Nisak, A., & Yuliastuti, R. (2022). Profil kesiapan guru dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka di SMP Negeri 1 Palang. Jurnal Riset Pembelajaran Matematika, 4(2), 61β65. https://doi.org/10.55719/jrpm.v4i2.527
- Nugraheni, Z., & Hadi, S. (2023). Students conceptual understanding of logic material in terms of assessment diagnostic result. Journal Focus Action of Research Mathematic (Factor M), 6(2), 73β91. https://doi.org/10.30762/f_m.v6i2.2091
- Nurcahyono, N. A., & Putra, J. D. (2022). Hambatan Guru Matematika dalam Mengimplementasikan Kurikulum Merdeka di Sekolah Dasar. 6(September), 377β384.
- Nurwijayanti, K. (2018). Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 Pada Pembelajaran Matematika Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Lombok [Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta]. https://eprints.uny.ac.id/55728/
- Padilla-DΓaz, M. (2015). Phenomenology in Educational Qualitative Research : Philosophy as Science or Philosophical Science ? 1(2), 101β110.
- Pertiwi, P. D., Novaliyosi, Nindiasari, H., & Sukirwan. (2023). Analisis kesiapan guru matematika dalam implementasi kurikulum merdeka. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 6(3), 1717β1726. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i3.1435
- Prijowuntato, S. W. (2016). Evaluasi pembelajaran. Sanata Dharma University Press.
- Pujilestari, S. (2018). Efektivitas pembelajaran matematika berbasis open-ended problem dengan model think-pair- share terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif. Journal Focus Action of Research Mathematic (Factor M), 1(1), 57β76. https://doi.org/10.30762/factor_m.v1i1.964
- Purnomo, Y. W. (2011). Keefektifan model penemuan terbimbing dan cooperative learning pada pembelajaran matematika. Jurnal Kependidikan: Penelitian Inovasi Pembelajaran, 41(1), 37β54.
- Pusat Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran. (2023). Beranda | Sistem Informasi Kurikulum Nasional. In Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayan, Riset, dan Teknologi.
- Radite, R., & Retnawati, H. (2023). Mathematics teacher competencies and self-efficacy in implementing national curriculum. Jurnal Didaktik Matematika, 10(2), 187β204. https://doi.org/10.24815/jdm.v10i2.32653
- Radite, R., & Sulistyawati, E. (2023). Understanding more mathematics pedagogical content knowledge. Pedagogy: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 8(2), 341β357. https://doi.org/10.30605/pedagogy.v8i2.3111
- Retnawati, H. (2015). Hambatan guru matematika sekolah menengah pertama dalam menerapkan kurikulum baru. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 34(3). https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v3i3.7694
- Retnawati, H., Hadi, S., & Nugraha, A. C. (2016). Vocational high school teachersβ difficulties in implementing the assessment in curriculum 2013 in Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia. International Journal of Instruction, 9(1), 33β48. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2016.914a
- Richards, J. C. (2002). Whatβs the use of lesson plans? In J. C. Richards (Ed.), Beyond training (pp. 103β121). Cambridge University Press.
- Rini, D., Nurdiana, A., & Rahmawati, F. (2024). Pengembangan modul matematika berbasis contextual teaching and learning (CTL) bernuansa profil pelajar Pancasila pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar kelas VIII SMP Swadhipa 1 Natar. Jurnal Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika, 5(1), 85β94. https://www.stkippgribl.ac.id/eskripsi/index.php/matematika/article/view/839
- Rochani, S. (2016). Keefektifan pembelajaran matematika berbasis masalah dan penemuan terbimbing ditinjau dari hasil belajar kognitif kemampuan berpikir kreatif. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika, 3(2), 273β283.
- Rumahlatu, D., Huliselan, E. K., & Takaria, J. (2016). An analysis of the readiness and implementation of 2013 curriculum in the west part of Seram District, Maluku Province, Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 11(12), 5662β5675.
- Sardin, S. (2015). Perbandingan keefektifan pembelajaran guided inquiry dan problem solving ditinjau dari prestasi belajar peluang, kemampuan penalaran, dan sikap siswa terhadap matematika. Pythagoras: Jurnal Matematika Dan Pendidikan Matematika, 10(2), 189β200.
- Siswondo, R., & Agustina, L. (2021). Penerapan strategi pembelajaran ekspositori untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran Matematika. Himpunan: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika, 1(1), 33β40. https://www.academia.edu/download/112761166/3155-8002-2-PB.pdf
- Sukriyatun, G. (2022). Pendidikan karakter pada kurikulum 2013 dan perkembangannya menuju profil pelajar pancasila. Primer Edukasi Jurnal, 1(2), 23β37. https://doi.org/10.56406/jpe.v1i2.96
- Sulistyawati, E. (2018). Pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan konstekstual berbasis budaya lokal untuk siswa sekolah menengah pertama. Journal Focus Action of Research Mathematic (Factor M), 1(1), 77β89. https://doi.org/10.30762/factor_m.v1i1.962
- Sulistyawati, E., & Radite, R. (2024). Exploring the quality of learning modules developed by preservice mathematics teacher based on the national (merdeka) curriculum. Focus Action of Research Mathematics, 7(1), 156β172. https://doi.org/10.30762/f_m.v7i1.3317
- Syomwene, A. (2013). Factors Affecting Teachers β Implementation of Curriculum Reforms and Educational Policies in Schools : The Kenyan Experience. 4(22), 80β87.
- Tomlinson, C. A., & Imbeau, M. B. (2010). Leading and managing a differentiated instruction. In Alexandria: Association for Supervision and Curriculum β¦.
- Walshaw, M. (2012). Teacher knowledge as fundamental to effective teaching practice. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 15, 181β185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-012-9217-0
- Zubainur, C. M., & Bambang, R. (2017). Perencanaan pembelajaran matematika. Syiah Kuala University Press.