Phytochemical Profiling of Xylocarpus granatum Extract Using Thin-Layer Chromatography and Selective Derivatization Reagents

Abd Malik; Rais Razak; Virsa Handayani; Ahmad Zul Fitrah; Rianti Anisa; Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v14i01.mp02

Abstract

This study aims to conduct phytochemical screening and evaluate the pharmacological activities of Buli stem bark extract, particularly its antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. The research began with the preparation of an optimized standardized extract as the test material, followed by phytochemical screening to identify groups of secondary metabolite compounds, and continued with biological activity screening as preclinical testing. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the extract contains flavonoid, phenolic, saponin, coumarin, alkaloid.

Keywords

Buli stem barkphytochemical screening

References

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Mabry TJ, Markham KR, Thomas MB. The Systematic Identification of Flavonoids. Springer; 1970.Google Scholar ↗
Markham KR. Techniques of Flavonoid Identification. Academic Press; 1982.Google Scholar ↗
Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates by means of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol. 1999;299:152-178.Google Scholar ↗
Harborne JB. The Flavonoids: Advances in Research Since 1986. Chapman & Hall; 1994.Google Scholar ↗
Houghton P, Raman A. Laboratory Handbook for the Fractionation of Natural Extracts. Springer; 1998.Google Scholar ↗
Hostettmann K, Marston A. Saponins. Cambridge University Press; 1995.Google Scholar ↗
Sherma J, Fried B. Handbook of Thin-Layer Chromatography. 3rd ed. Marcel Dekker; 2003.Google Scholar ↗
Dewick PM. Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach. 2nd ed. Wiley; 2002.Google Scholar ↗
Geissman TA. The Chemistry of Flavonoid Compounds. Macmillan; 1963.Google Scholar ↗
Stahl E. Thin-Layer Chromatography: A Laboratory Handbook. Springer; 1969.Google Scholar ↗
Vijayavel K, Martinez J. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Xylocarpus granatum. J Med Plants Res. 2012;6(7):1108-1112.Google Scholar ↗
Abeysinghe PD. Bioactive constituents and antidiabetic properties of Xylocarpus granatum. Asian J Tradit Med. 2010;5(4):121-130.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-1] Dey, D., Quispe, C., Hossain, R., Jain, D., Ahmed Khan, R., Janmeda, P., Islam, M. T., Ansar Rasul Suleria, H., Martorell, M., Daştan, S. D., Kumar, M., Taheri, Y., Petkoska, A. T., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2021). Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2021, 8922196. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8922196DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-2] Lakshmi, V., Srivastava, S., Mishra, S. K., Srivastava, M. N., Srivastava, K., & Puri, S. K. (2012). Antimalarial activity in Xylocarpus granatum (Koen). Natural product research, 26(11), 1012–1015. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2010.535000DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Darmadi, J., Batubara, R. R., Himawan, S., Azizah, N. N., Audah, H. K., Arsianti, A., Kurniawaty, E., Ismail, I. S., Batubara, I., & Audah, K. A. (2021). Evaluation of Indonesian mangrove Xylocarpus granatum leaves ethyl acetate extract as potential anticancer drug. Scientific reports, 11(1), 6080. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85383-3DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Heryanto, R., Putra, C. A., Khalil, M., Rafi, M., Putri, S. P., Karomah, A. H., & Batubara, I. (2023). Antioxidant Activity and Metabolite Profiling of Xylocarpus granatum Extracts Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites, 13(2), 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020156DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Das, S. K., Samantaray, D., Sahoo, S. K., Pradhan, S. K., Samanta, L., & Thatoi, H. (2019). Bioactivity guided isolation of antidiabetic and antioxidant compound from Xylocarpus granatum J. Koenig bark. 3 Biotech, 9(5), 198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1711-yDOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Zhou, Z.-F. et al. Novel and Neuroprotective Tetranortriterpenoids from Chinese Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum Koenig. Sci. Rep. 6, 33908; doi: 10.1038/srep33908 (2016)DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Noviarni I, Batubara I, Putri SP. Antiglycation and Antioxidant Activity from Methanol Extract and Fraction of Xylocarpus granatum Stem. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi [Online]. 2020 Jan;23(1):21-27. https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.1.21-27.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Khasanah NDN, Rahmat M, Al-Kindi H. ANALISIS DISTRIBUSI UKURAN PARTIKEL TEH HIJAU HASIL EKSTRAKSI DENGAN METODE ULTRASONIC ASSISTED EXTRACTION (UAE) COLD BREW. ALMIKANIKA [Internet]. 2022 Feb. 19.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Syarif RA, Handayani V, Angraeni A. Standarisasi Ekstrak Etanol Buah Bintaro (Cerbera odollam Gaertn.) sebagai Obat Tradisional. J Fitofarmaka Indones. 2022;9(2):7–13. doi:10.33096/jffi.v9i2.592.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Chaves N, Santiago A, Alías JC. Quantification of the Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts: Analysis of Sensitivity and Hierarchization Based on the Method Used. Antioxidants. 2020;9(1):76. doi:10.3390/antiox9010076DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Wagner H, Bladt S. Plant Drug Analysis: A Thin Layer Chromatography Atlas. 2nd ed. Springer; 2009.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. 3rd ed. Springer; 1998.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Mabry TJ, Markham KR, Thomas MB. The Systematic Identification of Flavonoids. Springer; 1970.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Markham KR. Techniques of Flavonoid Identification. Academic Press; 1982.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates by means of Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol. 1999;299:152-178.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Harborne JB. The Flavonoids: Advances in Research Since 1986. Chapman & Hall; 1994.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Houghton P, Raman A. Laboratory Handbook for the Fractionation of Natural Extracts. Springer; 1998.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Hostettmann K, Marston A. Saponins. Cambridge University Press; 1995.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-19] Sherma J, Fried B. Handbook of Thin-Layer Chromatography. 3rd ed. Marcel Dekker; 2003.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-20] Dewick PM. Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach. 2nd ed. Wiley; 2002.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] Geissman TA. The Chemistry of Flavonoid Compounds. Macmillan; 1963.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Stahl E. Thin-Layer Chromatography: A Laboratory Handbook. Springer; 1969.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-23] Vijayavel K, Martinez J. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Xylocarpus granatum. J Med Plants Res. 2012;6(7):1108-1112.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-24] Abeysinghe PD. Bioactive constituents and antidiabetic properties of Xylocarpus granatum. Asian J Tradit Med. 2010;5(4):121-130.Google Scholar ↗