Stomatal Distribution in Vegetative Growth of Peranggi Chili (Capsicum annuum L. var Chinensis) grown in Different Growing Media

Entin Daningsih; Irvan Ariyansyah; Dinda Annesta; Pangesti Ayu Wandari Febriyani; Galih Fathur Rahman

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v14i01.ah01

Abstract

Peranggi chili (Capsicum annum L. var chinensis) is a local plant of West Kalimantan. Vegetative growth and changes in the number of stomata and stomatal distribution are not yet known in different growing media. The purpose of this study was to determine the vegetative growth of peranggi chili and changes in stomatal distribution due to differences in growing media as an intensification effort. The research was conducted with experimental design of Randomized Completely Block Design with 3 blocks. Treatments ware 4 different growing media, namely P1: alluvial soil: sand: cow manure compost (1:1:1); P2: alluvial soil: sand: cow manure compost: perlite (1:1:1:0.25); P3: alluvial soil: sand: cow manure compost: burnt husk (1:1:1:0.5); P4: alluvial soil: sand: compost: burnt husk (1:1:1:0.5). Data on vegetative growth variables measured were dry weight of roots, stems and leaves, number and area of leaves, root length, stem height, number of stomata and stomatal distribution calculated at 40, 50, 60, and 70 DAT. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. All plant variables were not affected by differences in the composition of growing media, as well as the average number of stomata and stomatal distribution up to 60 DAT. However, P3 treatment, which was the addition of burnt husk to a mixture of alluvial soil: sand: cow manure compost, increased all growth variables at 60 DAT compared to other treatments, although not statistically significant. The increased due to P3 treatment increased all variables at 70 DAT significantly. The number of stomata and stomatal distribution was highest on day 40 DAT and decreased due to more mature leaf growth at 50 DAT. However, the average number of stomata and stomatal distribution were not affected by different growing media during the first 70 days periode.

Keywords

peranggi chilivegetative growthstomatal distributiongrowing media

References

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Alamanis, N., & Chouliaras, I. (2018). Improvements to loose soil. American scientific research Journal for Engineering, 43, 190–210.Google Scholar ↗
Avci, N., & Aygun, A. (2014). Determination of Stomatal Density and Distribution on Leaves of Turkish Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(4), 454-459. doi: 10.15832/tbd.27845DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Bertolino, L. T., Caine, R. S., & Gray, J. E. (2019). Impact of Stomatal Density and Morphology on Water-Use Efficiency in a Changing World. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00225.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Cai, Y., Aihara, T., Araki, K., Sarmah, R., Tsumura, Y., & Hirota, M. (2024). Response of stomatal density and size in Betula ermanii to contrasting climate conditions: The contributions of genetic and environmental factors. Ecology and Evolution, 14, e11349. doi: 10.1002/ece3.11349.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Chua, L. C., & Lau, O. S. (2024). Stomatal development in the changing climate. Development, 151(20). doi: 10.1242/dev.202681.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Daningsih, E. (2024). Morphophysiological Response of Peranggi Chili (Capsicum annum L. var chinensis) to Drought Stress. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 12 (12), 575-583. doi: 10.18535/ijsrm/v12i12.ah01.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
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Febriani, L., Gunawan., & Gafur, A. (2021). Review: Pengaruh Jenis Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman. Bioeksperimen, 7(2), 93-104.Google Scholar ↗
Fitriani, V., Haryanti, S., & Darmanti, S. (2006). Hubungan antara Jarak Tanaman dari Kawah Sikidang Dieng dengan Ukuran Sel Penutup dan Jumlah Stomata Daun Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L). Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 17 (2), 47-55.Google Scholar ↗
Giuffrida, F., & Consoli, S. (2016). Reusing perlite substrates in soilless cultivation: analysis of particle size, hydraulic properties, and solarization effects. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 142(2). doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000968.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Hasanuzzaman, M., Zhou, M., & Shabala, S. (2023). How Does Stomatal Density and Residual Transpiration Contribute to Osmotic Stress Tolerance?. Plants (Basel). 12(3):494. doi: 10.3390/plants12030494DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
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Madhavi, B. G. K., Khan, F., Bhujel, A., Jaihuni, M., Kim, N. E., Moon, B. E., & Kim, H. T. (2021). Influence of different growing media on the growth and development of strawberry plants. Heliyon, 7.Google Scholar ↗
Mantovani, A. (2022). Size Devendent Allocation to Vegetative and Reproductive organs of the Orchid Lankesterella ceracifolia (Spiranthinae). Lankesteriana, 22. (3), 225-240.Google Scholar ↗
Pakerti, W. A., Widjajanto, D. W., Fuskhah, E., & Korespondensi, P. (2021). Pengaruh kombinasi pupuk kandang dan pupuk majemuk serta dosis arang sekam pada pertumbuhan dan produksi cabai rawit hibrida (Capsicum annum L.). Jurnal Agrotech, 11(1), 27–35. doi: 10.31970/agrotech.v11i1.60.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
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Pitaloka, M. K., Caine, R. S., Hepworth, C., Harrison, E. L., Sloan, J., Chutteang, C., Phunthong, C., Nongngok, R., Toojinda, T., Ruengphayak, S., Arikit, S., Gray, J. E., & Vanavichit, A. (2022). Induced Genetic Variations in Stomatal Density and Size of Rice Strongly Affects Water Use Efficiency and Responses to Drought Stresses. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.801706.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Putri, E. R., Widagdo, S., Hendarto, K., & Rugayah. (2023). Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Cabai Keriting (Capsicum annum L.) dalam Polibag. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 11 (1), 151-158.Google Scholar ↗
Saranya, P., Sri Gayathiri, C. M., & Sellamuthu, K. M. (2018). Potential use of rice husk ash for enhancing growth of maize (zea mays). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(03), 899–906. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.105.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Sisriana, S., Suryani., & Sholihah, S. M. (2021). Pengaruh berbagai media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar pigmen microgreens selada. Jurnal Ilmiah Respati, 12 (2), 163-176.Google Scholar ↗
Sultana, S.N., Jo, H., Song, J.T., Kim, K., & Lee, J.D. (2024). Stomatal Density Variation Within and Among Different Soybean Cultivars Across Various Growth Stages. Agriculture, 14, 2028. doi: 10.3390/agriculture14112028.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Sun, Y., Niu, G., & Osuna-Avila, P. (2019). Effects of substrate moisture content on growth and physiological response of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). AGROCIENCIA, 53, 59–72.Google Scholar ↗
Taulavuori, K., Hyöky, V., Oksanen, J., Taulavuori, E., & Julkunen-Tiitto, R. (2016). Species-specific differences in synthesis of flavonoids and phenolic acids under increasing periods of enhanced blue light. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 121, 145–150. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.04.002.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Ungurau, A., & Ungureanu, A. (2012). Aspects regarding the methods of soil aeration.Google Scholar ↗
Wang, R., Yu, G., He, N., Wang, Q., Xia, F., Zhao, N., Xu, Z., & Ge, J. (2014). Elevation-Related Variation in Leaf Stomatal Traits as a Function of Plant Functional Type: Evidence from Changbai Mountain, China. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e115395. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115395.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Widiarta, I. P. O., Mayun, I., & Astiningsih, A. A. M. (2021). Pengaruh jenis media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan benih cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika ISSN, 2301, 6515.Google Scholar ↗
Wijaya, I., Susana, R., & Patriani, P. (2024). Pengaruh konsentrasi pupuk organik cair asal buah-buahan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai pada tanah gambut. Perkebunan Dan Lahan Tropika, 14(1), 21. doi: 10.26418/plt.v14i1.80749.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Zahro, N., Fadhilah, I., Nadita Cahya, D., & Suciaty, T. (2024). Vegetative Growth Response of Chili Pepper Plants (Capsicum frutescens L.) Absolut 69 Variety to Rice Husk Biochar Application. Jurnal Agrosci, 2(1), 61–70. doi: 10.62885/agrosci.v2i1.470.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗
Zeni, R. N., & Delita, K. (2023). Pengaruh Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Cabai Rawit. Agriwana Jurnal Pertanian Dan Kehutanan, 1(1), 10-21.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-1] Abdurrafi, A. (2021). Penggunaan Biochar Sekam Padi dan Pupuk KCl terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Cabai Peranggi pada Tanah Aluvial. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 11(1): 1-11. doi: 10.26418/jspe.v11i1.50691.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-2] Adeoluwa, O. O., Mutengwa, C. S., Chiduza, C., & Tandzi, N. L. (2022). Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes. Agronomy, 12(5), 1118. doi: 10.3390/agronomy12051118.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Alamanis, N., & Chouliaras, I. (2018). Improvements to loose soil. American scientific research Journal for Engineering, 43, 190–210.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Avci, N., & Aygun, A. (2014). Determination of Stomatal Density and Distribution on Leaves of Turkish Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(4), 454-459. doi: 10.15832/tbd.27845DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Bertolino, L. T., Caine, R. S., & Gray, J. E. (2019). Impact of Stomatal Density and Morphology on Water-Use Efficiency in a Changing World. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00225.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Cai, Y., Aihara, T., Araki, K., Sarmah, R., Tsumura, Y., & Hirota, M. (2024). Response of stomatal density and size in Betula ermanii to contrasting climate conditions: The contributions of genetic and environmental factors. Ecology and Evolution, 14, e11349. doi: 10.1002/ece3.11349.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Chua, L. C., & Lau, O. S. (2024). Stomatal development in the changing climate. Development, 151(20). doi: 10.1242/dev.202681.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Daningsih, E. (2024). Morphophysiological Response of Peranggi Chili (Capsicum annum L. var chinensis) to Drought Stress. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 12 (12), 575-583. doi: 10.18535/ijsrm/v12i12.ah01.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Farida, N., Elviani., Elvirda., & Hilza, A. (2023). Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun akibat pemberian bahan organik dan pemangkasan cabang. Jurnal Agrida: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 3(1), 29–36.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] Febriani, L., Gunawan., & Gafur, A. (2021). Review: Pengaruh Jenis Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman. Bioeksperimen, 7(2), 93-104.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Fitriani, V., Haryanti, S., & Darmanti, S. (2006). Hubungan antara Jarak Tanaman dari Kawah Sikidang Dieng dengan Ukuran Sel Penutup dan Jumlah Stomata Daun Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L). Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 17 (2), 47-55.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] Giuffrida, F., & Consoli, S. (2016). Reusing perlite substrates in soilless cultivation: analysis of particle size, hydraulic properties, and solarization effects. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 142(2). doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000968.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Hasanuzzaman, M., Zhou, M., & Shabala, S. (2023). How Does Stomatal Density and Residual Transpiration Contribute to Osmotic Stress Tolerance?. Plants (Basel). 12(3):494. doi: 10.3390/plants12030494DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Huang, W., Yu, Y., Wang, D., Ma, H., & Wang, G. (2024). Soil-mustard revitalization via rice husk ash, a promising soil amendment material for sustainable management of heavy metal contamination in tropical ecosystem. Journal of Environmental Management, 356, 120724.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Li, M., Ning, X., Gao, T., Fazry, S., Othman, B. A., Najm, A. A. K., & Law, D. (2024). Rice husk ash based growing media impact on cucumber and melon growth and quality. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 5147.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Lopez, S., Dhanoa, M. S., Dijkstra, J., Bannink, A., Kebreab, E., & France, J. (2007). Some methodological and analytical considerations regarding application of the gas production technique. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 135(1–2), 139–156.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Madhavi, B. G. K., Khan, F., Bhujel, A., Jaihuni, M., Kim, N. E., Moon, B. E., & Kim, H. T. (2021). Influence of different growing media on the growth and development of strawberry plants. Heliyon, 7.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Mantovani, A. (2022). Size Devendent Allocation to Vegetative and Reproductive organs of the Orchid Lankesterella ceracifolia (Spiranthinae). Lankesteriana, 22. (3), 225-240.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-19] Pakerti, W. A., Widjajanto, D. W., Fuskhah, E., & Korespondensi, P. (2021). Pengaruh kombinasi pupuk kandang dan pupuk majemuk serta dosis arang sekam pada pertumbuhan dan produksi cabai rawit hibrida (Capsicum annum L.). Jurnal Agrotech, 11(1), 27–35. doi: 10.31970/agrotech.v11i1.60.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-20] Pare, A. M. S. I., Sujana, I. P., Suryana, N. P. E. P. M., & Ananda, K. D. (2023). Pengaruh Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Agrofarm, 2(2), 63-70.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] Pitaloka, M. K., Caine, R. S., Hepworth, C., Harrison, E. L., Sloan, J., Chutteang, C., Phunthong, C., Nongngok, R., Toojinda, T., Ruengphayak, S., Arikit, S., Gray, J. E., & Vanavichit, A. (2022). Induced Genetic Variations in Stomatal Density and Size of Rice Strongly Affects Water Use Efficiency and Responses to Drought Stresses. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.801706.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Putri, E. R., Widagdo, S., Hendarto, K., & Rugayah. (2023). Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Cabai Keriting (Capsicum annum L.) dalam Polibag. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 11 (1), 151-158.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-23] Saranya, P., Sri Gayathiri, C. M., & Sellamuthu, K. M. (2018). Potential use of rice husk ash for enhancing growth of maize (zea mays). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(03), 899–906. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.105.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-24] Sisriana, S., Suryani., & Sholihah, S. M. (2021). Pengaruh berbagai media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan kadar pigmen microgreens selada. Jurnal Ilmiah Respati, 12 (2), 163-176.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-25] Sultana, S.N., Jo, H., Song, J.T., Kim, K., & Lee, J.D. (2024). Stomatal Density Variation Within and Among Different Soybean Cultivars Across Various Growth Stages. Agriculture, 14, 2028. doi: 10.3390/agriculture14112028.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-26] Sun, Y., Niu, G., & Osuna-Avila, P. (2019). Effects of substrate moisture content on growth and physiological response of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). AGROCIENCIA, 53, 59–72.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-27] Taulavuori, K., Hyöky, V., Oksanen, J., Taulavuori, E., & Julkunen-Tiitto, R. (2016). Species-specific differences in synthesis of flavonoids and phenolic acids under increasing periods of enhanced blue light. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 121, 145–150. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2015.04.002.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-28] Ungurau, A., & Ungureanu, A. (2012). Aspects regarding the methods of soil aeration.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-29] Wang, R., Yu, G., He, N., Wang, Q., Xia, F., Zhao, N., Xu, Z., & Ge, J. (2014). Elevation-Related Variation in Leaf Stomatal Traits as a Function of Plant Functional Type: Evidence from Changbai Mountain, China. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e115395. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115395.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-30] Widiarta, I. P. O., Mayun, I., & Astiningsih, A. A. M. (2021). Pengaruh jenis media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan benih cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika ISSN, 2301, 6515.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-31] Wijaya, I., Susana, R., & Patriani, P. (2024). Pengaruh konsentrasi pupuk organik cair asal buah-buahan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai pada tanah gambut. Perkebunan Dan Lahan Tropika, 14(1), 21. doi: 10.26418/plt.v14i1.80749.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-32] Zahro, N., Fadhilah, I., Nadita Cahya, D., & Suciaty, T. (2024). Vegetative Growth Response of Chili Pepper Plants (Capsicum frutescens L.) Absolut 69 Variety to Rice Husk Biochar Application. Jurnal Agrosci, 2(1), 61–70. doi: 10.62885/agrosci.v2i1.470.DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-33] Zeni, R. N., & Delita, K. (2023). Pengaruh Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Cabai Rawit. Agriwana Jurnal Pertanian Dan Kehutanan, 1(1), 10-21.Google Scholar ↗