Multifunctionality of green corridors during pandemic lockdowns: a case study of Riobamba city in Ecuador

Janeth Alexandra Morales Gonzalez; QingJuan Yang; Poyan Sayed Mustafa

doi:10.18535/ijsrm/v10i6.sh02

Abstract

The pandemic has demonstrated several weaknesses and inequalities in the way society live and develops within cities, such as economic losses, massive contagions, and above all, the lack of control and people's lack of awareness about the crisis. This study aims to investigate the transformation of cities with a shortage of green spaces into cities with green and sustainable planning, the association between urban greenery and physical activity during the Covid-19, and urban green corridors as a planning tool for urban green areas.

The green corridor was born out of a social need in the face of a health crisis and the improvement of the urban environment. This research employs three methods to study: empirical judgment and experience analysis and network analysis. All those who could not cope with the lockdown exposed green and recreational spaces in Riobamba, since only 7% of those surveyed stayed at home, while 70% left their homes for green or recreational spaces within the urban area and 23% left the city. This shows how the quality of green areas can positively affect people’s behaviors during the Covid-19. This effect highlighted the preservation of natural areas, urban reforestation, and re-naturalization of spaces. The urban green corridor is a system that connects several spaces, creating two interactions: the first is how the city can provide the necessary infrastructure during a crisis, and the second is how it energizes and prioritizes the health and supply systems for urban residents, creating safe spaces for each of the city's sectors.

Keywords

COVID-19pandemicgreen corridorsmultifunctionalitysustainabilityre-space

References

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[refR-1] Ahern, J. F. (2002). Greenways as strategic landscape planning: theory and application. En Greenways as strategic landscape planning: theory and application.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-2] Allam, Z., &Jones, D. S. (2020). Pandemic stricken cities on lockdown . Where are our planning and design professionals [ now , then and into the future ]? Land Use Policy, 97, 104805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104805DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-3] Arroba, L. V., Hidalgo, B., &Granda, M. (2020). Evaluación de los espacios públicos abiertos en la ciudad de Riobamba. Novasinergia Revista Digital De Ciencia, Ingeniería Y Tecnología, 3(1), 77–78. https://doi.org/10.37135/ns.01.05.08DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-4] Azevedo, J. C., Luque, S., Dobbs, C., Sanesi, G., &Sunderland, T. C. H. (2020). The ethics of isolation, the spread of pandemics, and landscape ecology. Landscape Ecology, 35(10), 2133–2140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01092-8DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-5] Belmeziti, A., Cherqui, F., &Kaufmann, B. (2018). Improving the multi-functionality of urban green spaces : Relations between components of green spaces and urban services. Sustainable Cities and Society, 43, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.07.014DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-6] Benito, V. (2014). Los Corredores Verdes; su importancia en la estructuración ambiental y urbanística en entornos metropolitanos. El caso práctico del Suroeste Metropolitano de. Tecnologías de Información Geográfica, 3(2), 293–301. Recuperado de http://age-tig.es/2014_Alicante/ponencia1/105.pdfGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-7] Chang, V. (2020). The Post-Pandemic Style.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-8] Chin, E. Y., &Kupfer, J. A. (2020). Identification of environmental drivers in urban greenway communities. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 47(August 2018). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126549DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-9] Devine-wright, P., Pinto, L., Carvalho, D., Lewicka, M., Manzo, L., &Williams, D. R. (2020). “ Re-placed ” - Reconsidering relationships with place and lessons from a pandemic. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 72(May), 2–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101514DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-10] ElComercio. (2021). Ecuador acumula 490356 casos de covid-19; 859 se registraron en la ultimas 24 horas. pp. 3–5.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-11] Gill, K., vanHellemondt, I., Larsen, J. K., Keravel, S., Leger-Smith, A., Notteboom, B., &Rinaldi, B. M. (2020). Corona, the Compact City and Crises. Journal of Landscape Architecture, 15(1), 4–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2020.1792647DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-12] INEC. (2010). Fasículo de estadística de Chimborazo. Población del cantón riobamba censo 2001, 1–4. Recuperado de http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/documentos/web-inec/Bibliotecas/Fasciculos_Censales/Fasc_Cantonales/Chimborazo/Fasciculo_Riobamba.pdfGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-13] Klein, C. (2021). How Pandemics Spurred Cities to Make More Green Space for People.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-14] Kong, F., Yin, H., Nakagoshi, N., &Zong, Y. (2010). Urban green space network development for biodiversity conservation: Identification based on graph theory and gravity modeling. Landscape and Urban Planning, 95(1–2), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.11.001DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-15] Martínez Campos, L. (2006). La muerte negra.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-16] Megahed, N. A., &Ghoneim, E. M. (2020). Antivirus-built environment : Lessons learned from Covid-19 pandemic. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61(May), 102350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-17] Moreno-sánchez, F., Fernanda, M., Rovirosa, C., Teresa, M., &León, A.De. (2018). Las grandes epidemias que cambiaron al mundo. Anales Medicos, 63(2), 151–156. Recuperado de http://www.medigraphic.com/analesmedicosGoogle Scholar ↗

[refR-18] Pallares-Barbera, M., Badia, A., &Duch, J. (2011). Cerdà and Barcelona: The need for a new city and service provision. Urbani Izziv, 22(2), 122–136. https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2011-22-02-005DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-19] Peng, J., Zhao, H., &Liu, Y. (2017). Urban ecological corridors construction: A review. Shengtai Xuebao/ Acta Ecologica Sinica, 37(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2016.12.002DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-20] Pouzols, F. M., &Moilanen, A. (2014). RESEARCH ARTICLE A method for building corridors in spatial conservation prioritization. 789–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-014-0031-1DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-21] Prime, H., Wade, M., &Browne, D. T. (2020). Risk and Resilience in Family Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic. American Psychological Association, 75(5), 631–643. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000660DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-22] Riobamba, G. A. descentralizado de la ciudadde. Ordenanza Nro. 007-2020 El consejo municipal del Cantón Riobmaba. , (2020).Google Scholar ↗

[refR-23] Sanchez Herraez, P. (2020). Pandemias y ciudades ¿Hacia un orden mundial urbacentrico?Google Scholar ↗

[refR-24] Santillán García, A., &Fernández Canas, I. (2020). Arquitecturas, pandemias y espacios al aire libre. RqR Enfermería Comunitaria (Revista de SEAPA), 8, 40–44.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-25] Scott, R. P. (2021). Shared streets , park closures and environmental justice during a pandemic emergency in Denver , Colorado. Journal of transport & health, 21(May). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2021.101075DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-26] Velasquez, V. (2016). Architectural patrimony in the graphical representation of the Voisin Plan. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 40(3), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1210051DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-27] Wang, Z., &Wang, W. (2021). an Empirical Study on the Impact of Green Spaces in Residential Areas on the Mental Health of Residents Under Covid-19. Landscape Architecture Frontiers, 0(0), 1. https://doi.org/10.15302/j-laf-0-020009DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-28] Wanghe, K., Guo, X., Wang, M., Zhuang, H., Ahmad, S., Khan, T. U., …Li, K. (2020). Gravity model toolbox: An automated and open-source ArcGIS tool to build and prioritize ecological corridors in urban landscapes. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e01012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01012DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-29] Weber, S., Boley, B. B., Palardy, N., &Johnson, C. (2017). The impact of urban greenways on residential concerns : Findings from the Atlanta BeltLine Trail. Landscape and Urban Planning, 167(June), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.06.009DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗

[refR-30] Wintle Thomas. (2022). How a pandemic helped to shape London.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-31] Zabala Machado, G. E. (2019). Sitios optimos suceptibles a transformación en areas verdes urbanas, en Riobamba, Ecuador al año 2017. Universidad de Salzburg.Google Scholar ↗

[refR-32] Zhang, Z., Meerow, S., Newell, J. P., &Lindquist, M. (2019). Enhancing landscape connectivity through multifunctional green infrastructure corridor modeling and design. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 38, 305–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.10.014DOI ↗Google Scholar ↗